Germanium Single Crystal

Germanium Single Crystal 32Ge72.59 Discovered in 1886 by C.A. Winkler at Freiburg, Germany [Latin: Germania = Germany] French: germanium German: germanium Italian: germanio Spanish: germanio Description: Ultrapure germanium is a silvery-white brittle metalloid element. It is stable in air and water, is unaffected by acids, except HNO3, and alkalis. It … Read More

Zirconium Single Crystal

Zirconium Single Crystal 40Zr91.22 Zirconium was discovered in 1789 by M.H.Klaproth at the University of Berlin, Germany. First isolated 1824 by J.J. Berzeluis at Stockholm, Sweden. [Arabic: zargun = gold colour] French: zirconium German: zirconium Italian: zirconio Spanish: circonio Description: Zirconium is a hard, lustrous, silvery metal which is very … Read More

Zinc Single Crystal

Zinc Single Crystal 30Zn65.37 Known in India and China before 1500. [German: zink] French: zinc German: zink Italian: zinco Spanish: cinc Description: Zinc is a bluish-white metal that is brittle when cast. It tarnishes in air and reacts with acids and alkalis. Zinc is used for galvanizing iron, in alloys … Read More

Yttrium Single Crystal

Yttrium Single Crystal 39Y88.905 Discovered in 1794 by J Gadolin at Åbo, Finland. [Named after Ytterby, Sweden] French: yttrium German: yttrium Italian: ittrio Spanish: itrio Description: Yttrium is a soft, silvery-white metal that is stable in air due to the formation of an oxide film on its surface. It burns … Read More

Vanadium Single Crystal

Vanadium Single Crystal 73V50.942 Vanadium was discovered in 1801 by A.M. del Rio at Mexico City, Mexico. Rediscovered in 1831 by N.G. Selfström at Falun, Sweden. [Named after Vanadis, a Scandidavian goddess] French: vanadium German: vanadium Italian: vanadio Spanish: vanadio Description: Vanadium is a shiny, silvery metal, which is soft … Read More

Tungsten Single Crystal

Tungsten Single Crystal 74W183.85 Discovered in 1783 by J.J. and F. Elhuijar at Vergara, Spain. [Swedish: tung sten = heavy stone; wolfram is named after wolframite] French: tungstètene German: wolfram Italian: wolframio (tungsteno) Spanish: wolframio Description: Tungsten is generally obtained as a dull grey powder, which is difficult to melt. … Read More

Titanium Single Crystal

Titanium Single Crystal 22Ti47.90 Titanium was discovered in 1791 by Rev. W. Gregor at Creed, Cornwall, England, and independently in 1795 by M.H. Klaproth at Berlin, Germany. [Named after the Titans, the sons of the earth goddess of Greek mythology] French: titane German: titan Italian: titanio Spanish: titanio Description: Titanium … Read More

Tin Single Crystal

Tin Single Crystal 50Sn118.69 Known to ancient civilizations [Anglo-saxon: tin = stone; Latin: stannum] French: etain German: zinn Italian: stagno Spanish: estaño Description: Tin is a soft, pliable, silvery-white metal that is unreactive to oxygen (protected by an oxygen film on the surface) and water. It dissolves in acids and … Read More

Tellurium Single Crystal

Tellurium Single Crystal 52Te127.60 Tellurium was discovered in 1783 by Baron Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein at Sibiu, Romania. [Latin: tellus = earth] French: tellure German: tellur Italian: tellurio Spanish: teluro Description: Tellurium is a silvery-white, metallic-looking in bulk, but is usually obtained as a dark grey powder. It is … Read More

Tantalum Single Crystal

Tantalum Single Crystal 73Ta180.948 Discovered in 1802 by A.G. Ekeberg at Uppsala, Sweden. [Greek: tantalos = father of Niobe of Greek mythology] French: tantale German: tantal Italian: tantalio Spanish: tántalo Description: Tantalum is a shiny, silvery metal which is soft when pure. It is very resistant to corrosion due to … Read More

Silver Single Crystal

Silver Single Crystal 47Ag107.870 Known to ancient civilizations [Anglo-saxon: siolfur = silver; Latin: argentum] French: argent German: silber Italian: argento Spanish: plata Description: Silver is a soft, malleable metal with a characteristic silver sheen when polished. It is stable to water and oxygen but is slowly attacked by sulfur compounds … Read More

Silicon Single Crystal

Silicon Single Crystal 14Si28.086 Discovered in 1824 by J.J. Berzelius at Stockholm, Sweden. [Latin: silicium = hard stone] French: silicium German: silikon Italian: silicone Spanish: silicio Description: Black amorphous silicon is obtained by the reduction of sand (SiO2) with carbon. Ultra-pure crystals if silicon have a blue-grey metallic sheen. Bulk … Read More

Ruthenium Single Crystal

Ruthenium Single Crystal 44Ru101.07 Ruthenium was discovered in 1808 by J.A. Sniadecki at the University of Vilno, Poland. Rediscovered in 1828 by G.W. Osann at the University of Tartu, Russia. [Latin: ruthenia = Russia] French: ruthénium German: ruthenium Italian: rutenio Spanish: rutenio Description: Ruthenium is a lustrous, silvery metal of … Read More

Rhodium Single Crystal

Rhodium Single Crystal 45Rh102.905 Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston at London, England. [Greek: rhodon = rose] French: rhodium German: rhodium Italian: rodio Spanish: rodio Description: Rhodium is a rare, lustrous, silvery, hard metal of the so-called platinum group. It is unaffected by air and water up to 875 K, … Read More

Rhenium Single Crystal

Rhenium single crystal 75Re186.2 Discovered in 1925 by W. Noddack, Ida Tacke and O. Berg at Berlin, Germany. [Latin: rhenus = rhine] French: rhenium German: rhenium Italian: renio Spanish: renio Description: Rhenium is a silvery metal, but is usually obtained as a grey powder. It resists corrosion but slowly tarnishes … Read More

Platinum Single Crystal

Platinum Single Crystal 78Pt195.09 Known to pre-Columbian South Americans and taken to Europe about 1750. [Spanish: platina = silver] French: platine German: platin Italian: platino Spanish: platino Description: Platinum is a lustrous, silvery-white, malleable and ductile metal. It is unaffected by air and water, and will only dissolve in aqua … Read More

Palladium Single Crystal

Palladium Single Crystal 46Pd106.4 Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston at London, England. [named after the asteroid Pallas] French: palladium German: palladium Italian: palladio Spanish: palladio Description: Palladium is a lustrous, silvery-white, malleable and ductile metal of the so-called platinum group. It resists corrosion, but dissolves in oxidizing acids and … Read More

Niobium Single Crystal

Niobium single crystal 41Nb92.906 Discovered in 1801 by C. Hatchett at London, England. [Greek: niobe = daughter of Tantalus of Greek mythology] French: niobium German: niobium Italian: niobio Spanish: niobio Description: Niobium is a shiny, silvery metal, which is soft when pure. It resists corrosion due to an oxide film … Read More

Nickel Single Crystal

Nickel single crystal 28Ni58.71 Discovered in 1801 by C. Hatchett at London, England. [Greek: niobe = daughter of Tantalus of Greek mythology] French: niobium German: niobium Italian: niobio Spanish: niobio Nickel is a silvery-white, lustrous, malleable and ductile metal. it resists corrosion, but is soluble in acids (except HNO3), yet … Read More

Molybdenum Single Crystal

Molybdenum single crystal 42Mo95.94 Isolated in 1781 by P.J. Hjelm at Uppsala, Sweden. [Greek: molybdenite = lead] French: molybdene German: molybdenum Italian: molibdeno Spanish: molibdeno Description: Molybdenum is a lustrous, silvery metal which is fairly soft when pure. It is usually obtained as a grey powder. It is attacked slowly by … Read More

Magnesium Single Crystal

Magnesium single crystal 12Mg24.312 Magnesium is a silvery-white, lustrous and relatively soft metal. It is obtained by the electrolysis of fused MgCl2. Magnesium burns in air when ignited and it reacts with hot water. It is used as the bulk metal and in lightweight alloys. Magnesium as a ‘sacrificial’ electrode … Read More

Lithium Single Crystal

Lithium single crystal 3Li6.939 Lithium was discovered in 1817 by J.A. Arfvedson at Stockholm, Sweden. Isolated in 1821 by W.T. Brande. [Greek: lithos = stone] French: lithium German: lithium Italian: litio Spanish: litio Description: Lithium is a soft, silvery-white metal that reacts slowly with oxygen and water. It is used … Read More

Lead Single Crystal

Lead Single Crystal 82Pb207.19 Lead is a soft, weak, ductile, dull grey metal that tarnishes in moist air but is stable to oxygen and water. It dissolves in HNO3. Lead is used in batteries, cables, glass, solder, radiation shielding, etc. A little is still used in paints and petrol but … Read More

Iron Single Crystal

Iron single crystal 26Fe55.847 Known to ancient civilizations. [Anglo-Saxon: iron; Latin: ferrum] French: fer German: eisen Italian: ferro Spanish: hierro Description: Iron, when absolutely pure, is lustrous, silvery and soft (workable). This is the most important of all the metals and it is used chiefly as steel in which there … Read More

Iridium Single Crystal

Iridium Single Crystal77Ir192.2 Discovered in 1803 by S. Tennant at London, England. [Latin: iris = rainbow] French: iridium German: iridium Italian: iridio Spanish: iridio Description: Iridium is a hard, lustrous, silvery metal of the so-called platinum group. It is unaffected by air, water, and acids, but dissolves in molten alkali. … Read More

Indium Single Crystal

Indium Single Crystal 49In114.82 Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Richter at Freiberg, Germany. [named after the indigo line in its spectrum] French: indium German: indium Italian: indio Spanish: indio Description: Indium is a soft, silvery-white metal, and has one of the longest liquid range of … Read More

Holmium Single Crystal

Holmium single crystal 67Ho164.930 Holmium was discovered in 1878 by P.T. Cleve at Uppsala, Sweden, and independently by M. Delafontaine and J.L. Soret at Geneva, Switzerland. [Greek: Holmia = Sweden] French: holmium German: holmium Italian: olmio Spanish: holmio Description: Holmium is a silvery metal of the so-called rare earth group … Read More

Hafnium Single Crystal

Hafnium Single Crystal 72Hf178.49 Discovered in 1923 by D. Coster and G.C. von Hevesey at Copenhagen, Denmark. [Latin: Hafnia = Copenhagen] French: hafnium German: hafnium Italian: afnio Spanish: hafnio Description: Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery, ductile metal that resists corrosion due to an oxide film on its surface. However, powdered … Read More

Gold Single Crystal

Gold Single Crystal 79Au196.967 Known to ancient civilizations. [Anglo-Saxon: gold; Latin: aurum] French: or German: gold Italian: aro Spanish: aro Description: Gold is a soft metal with a characteristic shiny yellow color. It has the highest malleability and ductility of any element, and can be beaten into a film only … Read More

Gadolinium Single Crystal

Gadolinium Single Crystal 64Gd157.25 Gadolinium was discovered in 1880 by J.C. Galissard de Marignac at Geneva, Switzerland. Isolated in 1886 by P.E. Lecoq de Boisbaudren at Paris, France. [Named after J. Gadolin, a Finnish minerologist] French: gadolinium German: gadolinium Italian: gadolinio Spanish: gadolinio Description: Gadolinium is a soft, silvery metal … Read More

Dysprosium Single Crystal

Dysprosium single crystal 66Dy162.50 Discovered and isolated in 1886 by P.E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran at Paris, France. [Greek: dysprositos = hard to obtain] French: dysprosium German: dysprosium Italian: disprosio Spanish: disprosio Description: Dysprosium is a hard, silvery metal of the so-called rare earth group (more correctly termed the lanthanides). It … Read More

Copper Single Crystal

Copper Single Crystal 29Cu63.54 Known to ancient civilizations. [Latin: cuprum = cyprus] French: cuivre German: kupfer Italian: rame Spanish: cobre Description: Copper is a reddish metal, malleable and ductile, with high electrical conductivity, making it ideal for electrical wiring, probably its most important commercial use. Copper is resistant to air … Read More

Cobalt Single Crystal

Cobalt Single Crystal 27Co58.933 Discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt at Stockholm, Sweden. [German: kobald = goblin] French: cobalt German: kobalt Italian: cobalto Spanish: cobalto Description: Cobalt is a lustrous, silvery-blue, hard metal which is also ferromagnetic. It is stable in air, unaffected by water, but slowly attacked by dilute … Read More

Chromium Single Crystal

Chromium Single Crystal 24Cr51.996 Discovered and isolated in 1780 by Nicholas Louis Vauquelin at Paris, France. [Greek: chroma = colour] French: chrome German: chrom Italian: cromo Spanish: cromo Description: Chromium is a hard, blue-white metal. It will dissolve in HCl and H2SO4 but not in HNO3, H3PO4 or HClO4 due … Read More

Bismuth Single Crystal

Bismuth Single Crystal 83Bi208.980 Known in the fifteenth century, discoverer unknown. [German: bisemutum] French: bismuth German: bismut Italian: bismuto Spanish: bismuto Description: Bismuth is a brittle metal with a silvery lustre and an pink tinge. It is stable to oxygen and water, but dissolves in concentrated HNO3. Bismuth is used … Read More

Antimony Single Crystal

Antimony Single Crystal 51Sb121.75 Probably known to the ancients and certainly to the alchemists. [Greek: anti + monos = not alone; Latin: stibium] French: antimoine German: Antimon Italian: antimonio Spanish: antimonio Description: Antimony is a metalloid element with three forms. The metallic form is the more stable and is bright, … Read More

Aluminum Single Crystal

Aluminium single crystal 13Al26.9815 Discovered in 1825 by Oersted at Copenhagen, Denmark. [Latin: alumen = alum] French: aluminium German: aluminium Italian: alluminio Spanish: aluminio Description: Pure aluminum is soft and malleable, but can be toughened by alloying with small amounts of other metals like copper and magnesium. Aluminum objects are … Read More